End-stage renal DISEASE (ESRD) is a rapidly growing global health problem within the past decades due to increased life expectancy, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and vascular DISEASEs. Since ESRD is not curable definitively, patients suffering from ESRD have a very low quality of life; therefore, symptomatic management is the cornerstone of medical treatment. Uremia affects almost all body organs, such as skin, through different mechanisms including biochemical, vascular, neurologic, immunologic, hematologic, endocrine, and electrolyte and volume balance disturbances. Some of these conditions are associated with significant morbidity, and patients with ESRD commonly present with a spectrum of DERMATOLOGIC disorders. Each one has its own unique presentation and treatment approaches. In this review article, we discuss the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment of the most common skin disorders associated with ESRD.

Background and Aim: Pruritus is a major symptom of DERMATOLOGIC DISEASEs and a common symptom of systemic DISEASEs. Severity of itch cannot be measured objectively. It’s usually determined to using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). But none of them can determine the effect of pruritus on patients' quality of life. So in the present study we sought to translate and develop a validated reliable Farsi version of pruritus specific quality of life instrument, ItchyQoL.Methods: ItchyQoL questionnaire was translated to Farsi by two bilingual people, and then it was back-translated to English by two other bilinguals. These two questionnaires were matched and revised and the final Farsi questionnaire was established. Forty four patients with DERMATOLOGIC pruritus filled the questionnaire at the baseline and 72 hours later, and the structural reliability and validity of it was analyzed.Results: The questionnaire had internal consistency and reproducibility. The questionnaire reliability was also analyzed by test-retest which was significant. Construct validity was analyzed by examining the relationship between intensity and frequency of itching with the total score in the three main axis symptoms, which was significant in all except the dysfunction axis.Conclusion: The Farsi version of ItchyQoL questionnaire has favorable reliability and validity.

Introduction. This fascinating disorder is also known as Sinus Histiocytosis. It is very rare, probably less than 1000 cases reported in the literature. R.D.D affects lymph nodes, although extranodal involvement has been reported such as: Centaral nervous system (CN.S). All of the cases of R.D.D with CN.S involvement without other sites involvement are 11 cases. Methods. The case is a male patient, 26y/o, with a history of head trauma 2 years ago that has been resulted to unconsciousness. He has been referred to a hospital and brain CT scan and brain M.R.I has been done for him. In M.R.I a brain tumor with left orbit and sphenoidal sinus involvement and compression effect on frontal lobe has been seen. A neurosurgeon operated him and the pathological report was Rosai-Dorfman DISEASE. Then he was referred to radiation therapy department.Results. Treatment approach in CN.S involvement cases consists of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Discussion. Over all, response has been inferior to those expected with malignant hematopoietic neoplasms.

Background: Psoriasis (PSO) is a common chronic autoimmune skin DISEASE with a significant psycho‑, socio‑, economic burden. Some antidepressants (ADs) such as fluoxetine and bupropion can induce or exacerbate PSO. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between ADs history before PSO onset, and the risk of PSO induction, in Isfahan province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this case–, control study, 80 patients with PSO were selected by non‑, probability sampling method, and 80 healthy individuals were selected using simple random sampling. They were interviewed and medical information was recorded. Chi‑, square, Mann–, Whitney, and Kruskal–, Wallis tests for dichotomous or categorical data, and independent‑, sample t test for continuous data were used. Statistical significance was taken as P ≤,0. 05. Results: In this case–, control study, a total of 160 individuals, 80 participants in each group, were included. The mean age of the total samples was 44. 8 ±,16 years. Forty‑, three percent of the individuals were women. PSO familial history in the cases was significantly higher than the control group (OR = 11. 94, P = 0. 001). It was revealed that use of ADs by patients before PSO induction, was greater than the controls (OR = 2. 78, P = 0. 058). Conclusions: Past history of ADs in the cases before PSO onset, was higher than the controls, indicating a possible association between ADs and the risk of PSO induction. This study can be effective to pay more attention to the possible complications of ADs and PSO risk factors. Accurate knowledge of PSO risk factors will be useful for better management and morbidity reduction.

Background: DERMATOLOGIC DISEASEs are common in patient with chronic renal failure, (CRF), being managed with hemodialysis. This study was done to determine the different patterns of skin involvement in these patients.Materials and methods: We examined 215 patients on hemodialysis in four hemodialysis centers in Tehran in 2006.Results: Of 215 patients, (122 men and 93 women), with the mean age of 56.4±16.2 years (range, 17 to 86 years), 202 (94%) had at least one type of DERMATOLOGIC DISEASE. They had been on dialysis from at least 1 year to 27 years. The most common DERMATOLOGIC DISEASE was xerosis, (59.1%). There was a significant relation between the patients' age and solar elastosis (P=0.01), splinter hemorrhage (P=0.018), and longitudinal ridging (P=0.01). Also, the relationship between the duration of hemodialysis and yellow discoloration, xerosis, and koilonychia were statistically significant, (P=0.047, 0.019, and 0.01, respectively). A significant association was found between the patients' job and folicullitis (p= 0.01), and between the underlying DISEASE resulting in CRF and folliculitis or furunculosis (P= 0.039).Conclusion: As DERMATOLOGIC DISEASEs are very common in patients with chronic renal failure, referral to a dermatologist for optimal management will improve the quality of life in these patients.